Gingivitis and Periodontitis: Understanding the Difference Before It's Too Late

Gingivitis: a warning sign you shouldn't ignore

Gingivitis is the first stage of gum inflammation. It is caused by a build-up of bacterial plaque along the gumline. Contrary to what you might think, it is confined to the gums themselves. Deeper structures such as the bone and ligaments are not yet affected.

The most common symptoms are:

• Red, swollen gums

• Bleeding when brushing

• Slight sensitivity in certain areas

Periodontitis: when the infection goes deeper

If gingivitis is left untreated, it can develop into periodontitis. This time, the bacteria no longer stay on the gums: they penetrate deeper and attack the tissues that support the tooth, namely the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament.

The disease develops in four stages:

1. Bacteria multiply beneath the gumline

2. Gradual destruction of the bone and supporting tissues

3. Gum recession and tooth mobility

4. Tooth loss in the most advanced cases

What makes periodontitis particularly worrying is that it can progress silently, without any noticeable pain. It is possible to go from gingivitis to periodontitis without realising it, which is why regular dental check-ups are so important.

At a glance: the key differences

Treating periodontitis : what to expect

While gingivitis can be treated relatively simply, periodontitis requires more comprehensive care. Treatment is adapted to the severity of the condition:

1. Antibiotics if necessary

   Given locally (directly into the periodontal pocket) or systemically, depending on the severity of the infection.

2. Scaling and root planing

   A deep scaling carried out under local anaesthetic, together with guidance on brushing techniques suited to your situation.

3. Periodontal surgery

   In the most advanced cases, surgery may be needed to reach areas that are otherwise inaccessible and to regenerate the tissues.